How the technology impact education

It is noted that technology plays a significant role in spheres of life and the field of education is not an exception. Freeman Dyson said, â€Å"Technology is a gift from God†¦ it is the mother of civilization, of art and of science† (Koschmann et al, 1994). Technology in education is associated with a number of advantages which include saving time, automating operation, increasing accuracy and precision among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How the technology impact education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technology has ensured that instructors and teachers are in a better position to disseminate knowledge and at the same time help learners to understand fully and grasp knowledge. This is because technology has acted as medium of communication between instructors and students as well as adds a fun-element to learning. Additionally technology is thought to have increased the level of inter action between the relevant stakeholders. Both audio and visual media for instance, PowerPoint and associated animations are utilized to provide learners with information in an interactive way. The major driving force for using this kind of technology is that it helps elicit interest from learners. Additionally, PowerPoint and animations act as visual aid to instructors and lecturers. On the same note, the uses of projectors and screens have made it possible for instructors to reach a large number of students. The result of this arrangement is that, there have been tremendous improvement in learners’ attendance and attentiveness hence improved academic achievement and performance. According to Coley, Cradler Engel, 1997 technology advancement brought internet development. The advantage of the same is linked to information accessibility and search. Through Google and other search engines, students are able to acquire knowledge from the internet. This is used to augment what t hey have been taught in class. Considering the fact that the searches are prompt, learners can get desired information within a second which they can use to enhance their knowledge and skills. Technology is also thought of enhancing the advancement of online education, blended learning and distance learning. In particular, online and distance learning have made institutions of higher learning to admit students not based on the bed capacity. Additionally, students from overseas have been able to enroll and get degree certificates from recognized Universities without traveling and being present in classrooms physically.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A platform to share notes, assignments submission and discuss among students and their instructors contributed significantly to development of distance learning (O’Dwyer et al., 2005). More importantly through technology the school board can engage in serious discussions with other stakeholders such as the government, Non Governmental Organizations among others through video conferencing. This saved schools millions of dollars that could have been used for accommodation, transport among other expenses. On the same note, some activities in education sectors have been automated hence saving time and manpower. It would be rational to bring to light some disadvantages of technology in education and challenges facing its adoption. It is worth noting that it tends to deny some individuals job opportunities due to its ability to automate certain activities. Additionally, the initial efforts to adopt it are very expensive. It is also dependant on other infrastructure such as electricity and this really put schools in rural areas particularly in third world countries at a disadvantage when it comes to adopting or using technology in education (Casey, 1997). In conclusion, it is with no doubt that technology has made learning as well as sharing of knowledge be an interactive as well as enjoyable activity. Experts in the field of education have acknowledged that technology is another gift from God to human beings. References Casey, J. (1997). Early literacy: The empowerment of technology. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited. Coley, J., Cradler, J. Engel, K. (1997). Computers and classrooms: The status of technology in U.S. schools. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service, Policy Information Center.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How the technology impact education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Koschmann, T. et al. (1994). Using technology to assist in realizing effective learning and instruction: A principled approach to the use of computers in collaborative learning. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 3(1): 227-264. O’Dwyer, L. et al. (2005). Examining the relationship between home and school computer use a nd students’ English/Language Arts test scores. The Journal of Technology, Learning and Assessment, 3(3): 23-37. This essay on How the technology impact education was written and submitted by user Christina Wagner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay †Shakespeare

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay – Shakespeare Free Online Research Papers A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay Shakespeare The play â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† written by Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays of Shakespeare. In the play Shakespeare could write a tragedy and comedy at the same time. In â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† he shows another play to represent parallels to â€Å"Romeo and Julia†, but both plays have the same background, magic and fantasy. In this story Shakespeare shows many different kinds of love and marriage. In the story â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† there are four plots, the royal wedding of Theseus (the duke of Athenia) and Hippolyta (the amazon queen) and the story of Athenias young lovers, Lysander, Hermia, Demetrius and Helena. The main conflict in this play is the conflict between Oberon and Titania (the fairy queens) because both are jealousy of each other. Oberon is very angry and plays a trick. He orders his servant Puck to bring his a special flower who causes on to love the first person a person sees. Oberon gives it her and she falls in love with Bottom, an ugly creature. Puck gives this charm juice the other lovers and causes a big confusing. Oberon sees that and orders puck to cancel it. He makes this and all was again good. Now I came to the question: Should â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† be performed on stage nowadays? Pro arguments: ? Real and fantasy world. Both plays, the â€Å"real† play and the play within combine good to each other. This combination makes the play more interesting and mysterious. The play is very amousing and has a lot of fun. ? The play has a good contrast of a happy end and a sad end because the â€Å"real† play has a happy end and the play within has a sad end. This is good and brings change in the play. ? This play shows the energy and the force of the nature. The play shows that one cannot affect the destiny and nature. What belongs together find also together ? The play is a fairy-tale and this is good because the people that watch or read this play can feel these plots better. Contra: ? The real and the fantasy worlds are more into another that makes it more difficult to understand ? It cannot keep apart the real and the fantasy worlds ? The play is not corresponds no longer up to date. Now I came to my own opinion whether the play â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† should be still played or not. I think that the play â€Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream† should be still played today, because it shows us humans, that we have to fight against the patriarchal, (the man dominates). It is completely important that the play A Midsummer Nights Dreamâ€Å"wants us to show that we cannot do nothing against the power of nature and the strength of the love is powerless and which we the destiny not to affect to be able. We cannot delay our destiny however to prevent. The play should be played, since it will remain an always topically topic, the love. The love is a topic that always exists. The love is concerned to everyone. The love is in the centre of this history. This makes the play more interesting. If one is the acting modernized then that the play which one also still in 20 years could. The play plays in the coming year. Research Papers on A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay - ShakespeareHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionMind TravelEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Spring and AutumnBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XWhere Wild and West MeetTrailblazing by Eric AndersonHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHip-Hop is Art

Introduction to Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Introduction to Networking - Essay Example Applications associated with Microsoft.Net do not have to be dependent for example Visual studio, as Microsoft.Net based applications execute within the Common Language Runtime (CLR) that is similar to J2EE based application executing within the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) (Miller, 2003). Likewise, the Microsoft.Net framework incorporates a rich archive of functionality to the CLR that is far greater than J2EE. Moreover, another advantage that the Microsoft.Net framework provides a rich environment for programming, as less coding is required as compared to other programming languages. This is a significant advantage, as less coding concludes to low cost and less time for project completion (Miller, 2003). Furthermore, Microsoft.NET applications are robust and provide features to connect and support many users comparatively. This concludes that the total cost of a solution incorporates the amount of money is required to develop and implement an application. Hence, Microsoft.Net provide s a significant advantage over other programming languages in this domain. (Cabral, Sacramento, & Marques, 2007) one of the researches illustrated the issues associated with Microsoft.NET framework documentation. The research highlighted the nonexistence of appropriate documentation and quality in several Microsoft.NET applications. However, the weightage of the research was on the documentation quality, as different issues were found associated with absence of proper documentation while gathering assemblies for the research. Likewise, the study demonstrated that 87% associated exceptions were not documented. The values were ranging from 80% to almost 98%. However, for the issues associated with inadequate quality in documentation, part of the data associated with inadequate accounts of exceptions that can possible emerge in the process of calling other methods (Cabral, Sacramento, & Marques, 2007). However, the remaining

Math Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Math - Essay Example Sensitive Periods are durations of time during which the intensity of interest in specific objects in the environment is at its peak. The sensitivity and responsiveness to a particular stimuli declines with time. These periods indicate the opening of increased developmental opportunity. Arithmetic is the knowledge of numbers and associated processes such as addition and subtraction, which is intuitively learned at early stages of childhood and developed gradually, through repetitive exercises, observation and experience. It helps the mind to distinguish and relate objects by means of symbols and ideas such as shape, space, identity, difference and quantity. For example, a child learns gradation in numbers, such as 1,2,3,4, and recognizes them as distinctive entities by adding or subtracting identical units. In contrast to the older teaching systems, The Teacher describes a new method or system of teaching, which values teacher as a guide or connecting link between objects and the student. This system does not rely on objects as a help to teacher, but as a help to student himself with assistance of the teacher. The role of teacher has been modified from an active corrector of mistakes to a more rigorous but patient guide, who acquaints herself with knowledge of objects and then guides students in using those objects on their own, while prefecting learning and maintaining order in the environment. The teacher should be prudent enough to facilitate needs of both the more and less developed minds at the same time. Development of Mind describes the psychological self-construction in children while interacting with their environment. It is a continuous process which begins when new sensitivities appear and gradually fade until new ones emerge, and helps in orderly intellectual development through time. For example, the ability to of mind to choose without conscious intent indicates development. Normalization

Environmental And Social Impacts Of Deforestation Environmental Sciences Essay

Environmental And Social Impacts Of Deforestation Environmental Sciences Essay Pakistan is blessed by many things; forests are one of them, which cover 4.224 million Hectare (ha) which is 4.8% of the total land area (Wildlife of Pakistan). Out of these 4604 ha area is covered by forests in Khyber-pakhun-khwa (KPK) and Northern areas. Â  Between 1981 and 1990, there had been a 4.3% decrease in forest areas of the Tropical Asia and Oceania, which Pakistan is a part of. During 21st century, 1.6% deforestation had been occurring each year. This is an alarming situation and needs to be stalled and then reversed, if possible (Wildlife Pakistan). Deforestation is a great threat against ecosystem and deteriorating the relationship between human and ecosystem. It is a main reason of Global Warming. The conventional view of deforestation is that rural people overexploits forests for local consumptive use and also the timber and woods traders using all possible ways to smuggle woods. The demand of people of consumption of wood is increasing, according to bureau of statistics; the consumption of wood in 1993 was 29.5 million cubic meters where as in the year 2010 it was around 50 million cubic meters. Pakistan, at present, is producing only 14 million cubic meters of wood. Over 80 percent of the population in KPK is below the poverty level, which consumes available natural resources for their survival, which results to deforestation. Deforestation contributes in the lacking of Biodiversity by affecting the Wild Life in forests. It is the main source of causing climate change, which results to Global warming, which is the major problem of the world, it is the reason of the dramatic change in temperature, from which Pakistan is suffering. No recycling of water, less carbondioxcide and nitrogen exchange, more decertification, soil erosion, decrease in rainfall rate indicates the alarming rate of deforestation. The area where this research has been conducted is Basho valley which is located in Batistan region in the northern areas of Pakistan. The valley ascends from the southern side of the Indus river with the altitude of 2060 approximately above the level of the sea towards Banak La mountain at 5500m. The findings show that the forest has been decreased 50% in Basho valley and the rate decreased after establishment of the valley in 1968. 1950 people of the population of the valley which depends on the forest for energy necessities, cooking purposes, and heating. The theory of huge deforestation due to fast population growth and local use; the study did not support this theory. The study indicates that the improved convenience combined with mismanagement of the forest department which is main factor in deforestation in Basho valley. The forest department is very much involved in deforestation as they support all the illegal commercial harvesting on a large scale. Damage to the forest in the valley has done due to the authorities of the superiors in forest department. A lot of woods which is fallen or green from the valley forest has been taken by the outsiders or the contractors using some informal permits which is called chits and the officers of the government department has given incentives from this systems by receiving payments. As by local elders the contractors took wood around ten times more than the quota which was allocated to them officially for the construction of government buildings. The contractors then sell out the woods in Skardu market to earn or they build their own shops and houses. The result of the corrupt performance or activities done by the government faculty or the increased access to a forest in the last thirty years; the forest has been reduced significantly. The methodology which is used in the study is that the qualitative data which has been selected for the study by the author in 8 years. During this period of time he meet with the officers of forest department, he also get interacted with the forest contractors and few people of the valley which includes men and women. Interviews has been conducted which was both individual and group in the three different workshops which was conducted by Agha Khan Rural Support Program (AKRSP) and the Norwegian University of Life Science. At least ten people attended the workshop who was representative of the different villages near Basho valley. Some meetings were also arranged in each village. Almost 95 people attended all the workshops in which 65 were women and 30 were men. The interview has also taken by the officers of the Basho development organization. As like this several interviews were conducted there in valley from local jeep owners who transport woods to the people, from the local volunteers and 16 stakeholders in which two were women and 14 were men. Survey was also conducted in different villages with different group discussions and some key respondent interviews and this period was of six months. These fieldworks were also consisted of survey of price, natural resource and village profiles. For the improving of historic information about Basho valleys forest; two pictures were taken, the first one is Landsat Multispectral scanner (MSS) image which was of 20 July 1976 and Landsat-7(ETM+) image which was of 16 august 2002. Rafi khan S., and S. Rafi khan (2009) Assessing poverty:deforestation links: Evidence from Swat, Pakistan Ecological Economics 68 (2009) 2607-2618 Keywords: Ecological degradation Deforestation Poverty Local institutions Resource management The literature analyzes the linkage between poverty and deforestation in Swat valley, KPK. As the poor community has no approach to energy resources like Oil and Gas, so they depend upon wood and timber more than other classes of the country, which results to deforestation. But the hypothesis of the researchers stood wrongs and they debated further that poverty has no link with deforestation. This study has highlighted the historical, empirical and institutional aspects of deforestation. Historically, the research took out the history of 16th century, where forests were protected by the institution and departments assigned for forests by the Walis (Kings) of Swat Valley. When in 20thcentury, Swat was merged into Pakistan in 1969; forests were ignored due to poor managerial and the policies of Pakistan. By reason of rapid rise in Timber prices, the forest departments, for more incentives, collude with Forest Mafias than to protect forests. The corrupt department and the lack of communication between revenue department and forestry also helped in speeding up the exploitation of forests. Locals of Swat valley depend on the forests for daily life use and are also a main source of income for them. Such dependency and also historical and institutional evolution clearly describe the rights of locals on these resources. It is required for Pakistan to look after the managerial skills of forestry department and prevent them for colluding with Forest Mafias. Only such policies can avoid the exploitation of these resources. The sample were selected in the study and that was of 12 villages of Swat; in which five villages from low eco zone, four from mid zone and three from high zone. Information of household was collected by 403 households. For the qualitative analysis 200 households were selected for information from six additional villages from high zone. For the analysis of resource dependence, information was collected on resource income (RI) as the dependent variable and the independent variables included income from other sources or non-resource income (NRI) and livestock numbers (LS), given their potential impact on resource degradation. The total aggregate income was derived from: natural resources (fuel wood collection, timber, fodder, no timber forest products, fish, and forest royalties); agriculture (crops and orchards as an annual figure including both kharif(summer) and rabi (winter) seasoncrops); livestock; employment; donations/transfers; forest royalties; and rental income. Ali T., M. Ahmad, Babar and Abid (2007) Impact of participatory forest management on financial assets of rural communities in Northwest Pakistan Ecological economics 63 (2007) 588-593 Keywords: Northwest Pakistan Participatory forestry Financial assets Livelihood strategies Research paper indicates the relationship between forest management and the livelihood of locals of KPK. It is shown in the paper that the cash needs of local communities is not dependent on natural resources like forests but rather non-cash needs are dependent on forest like use of wood in day to day needs such as cooking, constructions etc. Interviews with different people of local community show how forest management is difficult for locals. They say, people living on mountains are completely dependent on forest for survival as they have no other ways available, unlike people living on lowland like Punjab. It is further argued, that locals cannot be motivated for forest management before giving them economical benefits. These are the reasons which are involved in deforestation in KPK. To avoid deforestation in KPK, government must give priority to the needs of locals which are dependent on forest such availability of resources like Oil and Gas, economical benefits etc. Locals must be employed on the conservation of forest and incentives should be given to them. Government should focus on people at macro level and should work on microcredit and infrastructure development before the implementation of macro projects. The study shows that two main districts were selected of NWFP (KPK) which was Mansehra and Swat because these two districts were having maximum forest cover. In these two districts there were two types of villages, project villages and non project villages. Eight villages were selected randomly which consist of four from each districts in which two were project villages and two were non project villages. For quantitative data survey were conducted with a questionnaire. 400 households were selected in both districts. 200 were from each district in which 100 from project villages and 100 from non project villages. Tahir S.N.A. , M.Rafique, A.S. Alaamer. (2010) Biomass fuel burning and its implications: Deforestation and greenhouse gases emissions in Pakistan Environmental Pollution 158 (2010) 2490- 2495 Keywords: Deforestation Biomass burning Brick kilns Green house gas emission The article indicates the impact of biomass fuel burning due to deforestation and greenhouse gasses emission. Pakistan has an average population of 170 million and average growth in population is 2.4%. Whereas 54% of energy requirement is met from conventional means and the remaining 46% from natural resources like wood and coal. Forests in Pakistan cover a total area of 2.4%, and deforestation rate in Pakistan 1.68%. Gasses emission from human body and brick making in big cities s higher that fresh environment due to forests. This results to polluting of environment. As Pakistan imports coal from foreign countries, therefore, it is expensive for brick maker to use coal, so they prefer to use wood which is comparatively cheaper, which results to deforestation. The study has found out the consumption of wood by brick builder due to deforestation is estimated to be 1378,000 m3. Global warming is assessed to be increasing rapidly due to high rate of greenhouse gasses emission. Researcher has found out these results for helping others for study in same field. For the collection of data 180 brick kilns of 18 provincial divisions in all of four provinces of Pakistan were selected. In each division 10 brick units were randomly selected and surveyed and this was questionnaire based. The emission of total carbon is estimated by applying the basic methodology. This was done by multiplying the quantity of biomass burnt (t dm) by the fraction of biomass oxidized and the biomass carbon content (t C/t dm) (IPCC,1994). The default value of 0.9 is used for the fraction of biomass oxidized. Whereas, for woody biomass, a conversion factor of 0.5 t C/tdmis used. (Ct = Mt *Mf) Where in Equation (1), Ct, Mt and Mf represent total biomass burnt(tdm),fraction of biomass oxidized(0.9)and woody biomass carbon content(0.5tC/tdm) respectively.TheemissionofCO2 from fuel wood burning can be estimated by conversion of total carbon content(tC) to Carbon dioxide content (tCO2) using the conversion ratio of 44 t CO2/12 t C (Ct = Mt _*Mf) Qasim M. , K. Hubacek, M, Termansen, A. Khan (2011) Spatial and temporal dynamics of land use pattern in District Swat, Hindu Kush Himalayan region of Pakistan Applied Geography 31 (2011) 820-828 Keywords: Spatial analysis Land use change Land degradation Remote sensing GIS Deforestation Swat Pakistan According to Pakistani officials the forest are increasing due to deforestation and environmental awareness. In a contrast with Pakistani officials, international researches and statistics shows a rapid rate of increasing in deforestation have is 1.68% annually. This study is about the difference between Pakistani and international statistics. In this study District Swat is taken as a subject matter which is a part of the high altitude Hindu Kush Himalaya region of Pakistan comprising a diverse set of biophysical, ecological and socio-economic characteristics. The forest land in converting into agriculture land and also uses for developmental reasons like roads, infrastructure and construction etc. which results to deforestation in the locality. In Kalam, forest area is decreased by 30.5%; with 11.4% of the deforestation caused by agricultural expansion. In Malamjaba, forests decreased by 49.7% over the last 40 years. Agricultural land expanded by 77.6%. In the Barikot region, forest cover area decreased to 9.5% in 2007, whereas the built up areas increased by 161.4%, and agricultural land expanded by 129.9% consuming 18.96% of forest area in 2007. Annual deforestation rates observed were 1.86% in scrub forest zone, 1.28% in agro-forest zone and 0.80% in pine forest zone in Swat. Growth of agriculture has largely been achieved at the cost of forests. It is concluded that the claim of Pakistani officials of increasing in forest is wrong but rather decreasing rapidly which is alarming. The area where this research has done is district Swat. It is a valley located in a north west of Pakistan consists of many forests. The study was conducted in a form of area divided into three zones i-e zone (A), zone (B) and zone (C). The data selected through maps of different zones and its start from baseline of October 1968 then the Swat state was merged with Pakistan. The next data were selected in 1990 with 2 decades gap in which few important changes took place. The last data was taken out in 2007 which was last available data. The other method used is remote sensing techniques using aerial photograph and satellite images. It provides the areas in the three vegetation zone.

It strategy vs business strategy Essay

In most organizations IT expenditure is considered as one of the larger if not the largest contributor to capital investment and expenditure. Technology has a significant effect on the business landscape of most organizations and the market place they operate in. The goal of IT as such should be directed toward the alignment of IT strategy with an organization’s overall business strategy (Mulcay, 2001). It is argued though that the inability to successfully derive value from IT investment is, for the most part due to a lack of alignment between IT and business strategies. Johnson and Scholes cited by Riley (2012) define strategy as follows â€Å"Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organization through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfill stakeholder expectations†. In unpacking the definition, simply the business strategy that the business has decided to follow needs accurate configuration of resource – human resource, technology resource, financial resource etc., so as to gain competitive advantage, meet objectives and stakeholder expectation. Henderson & Venkatraman (1999) argue that there is no IT application or system, regardless of how cutting edge or sophisticated it maybe, that will build and sustain a competitive advantage for an organization for a sustained period of time. Organizations, in order to sustain competitive advantage should continuously endeavor to exploit it’s IT functionality and resource to maintain an advantage. In my opinion this is achieved by out of the box, evolutionary thinking by both business and IT leaders. Furthermore, both business and IT leaders need to understand fully the role that IT can support and re-shape business strategy decisions and improve IT effectiveness and ultimately improve business performance. SHOULD A COMPANY’S IT STRATEGY FOLLOW ITS BUSINESS STRATEGY OR SHOULD IT LEAD ITS BUSINESS STRATEGY? WHY In my opinion IT is vary rarely the core business unless of course we mention Microsoft or Google and the like where technology is the primary focus area  but it must noted that the actual business process for each is different and intellectual property is what is regarded most valuable. Hence, I agree with (Abate 2009, Henderson & Venkatraman 1999, Skriletz 2013) and many other researchers and commentators, that IT’s role should be regarded as the enabler or driver of the business strategy. IT’s strategy, investment; architecture even projects all need be dictated by overall business strategy, but should be part of process that helps the formation of the overall strategy. IT leaders need to possess the knowledge of new enabling technologies and how these technologies can be integrated into the business. Very often the business strategy is formed and developed in isolation and IT is seen as a support function only, rather than as function that can contribute to forming the strategy itself. IT leaders need to be part of the process that delivers the direction the business chooses to follow. Luftman & Brier (1999) echo this sentiment in that just as HR and marketing are important parts of strategy so to should IT. Venkatraman and Henderson (2000) assert that business strategists cannot be seen to take the leading role whilst the IT strategist is seen as a support role. It is imperative both take the lead in designing the business platform. â€Å"Business and IT strategists working together to shape new business; IT is not subordinate to business strategy but an extricate part of it†. FACTORS TO CONSIDER Technology is seen as one of key elements that drive change and transformation. Intelligent use of technology can deliver a competitive advantage, streamline processes create cost efficiencies and optimization for most organizations and as organizations strive for these competitive advantages and efficiencies it would really not be prudent to exclude the technology people from the process of strategy development as those organizations that do include them, will certainly claim the competitive edge and advantage. â€Å"Regardless of what industry you’re in, it’s hard to think about a business  that couldn’t exploit IT for competitive advantage if they chose to,† says Barbara Gomolski, an analyst at Gartner cited in an article by Moore (2011). The industries that have seen growth by aligning IT and business strategy and have used it as a driver and an enabler include the airline industry that has leveraged IT and now allows customers to book directly with carriers rather than involving third party agents. The banking industry has really embraced technology with the likes of online banking and transactions, which show true alignment and involvement of IT in business strategy and goal setting. Technology drives their growth. The sentiment shared and one that I agree with is that by including IT in the formulation of business strategy will certainly assist the organization in achieving its goals. The exploitation of technology as a means is key and if you don’t necessarily feel that, then I guarantee IT is treated as being outside of the core business strategy and as a result the organization is not deriving value from one of it’s most if not the most valuable resources. References Venkatraman N & Henderson JC. 2000: Business platforms for the 21st Century, in Mastering Information Management, edited by DA Marchand, TH Davenport & T Dickson. Great Britain: Prentice Hall: 283-289 Mulcay K. 2001: The IT Dilemma. World Trade, 14(4): 48-48. Henderson JC & Venkatraman N. 1999: Strategic Alignment: Leveraging information technology for transforming organisations. IBM Systems Journal, 38(2&3): 472-484. Luftman J & Brier T. 1999: Achieving and Sustaining Business-IT alignment. California Management Review, 42(1): 109-122. Abate R, (2008) IT should be an enabler to business [Available online at] http://www.information-managem e nt.com/blogs/IT_business-10015571-1.html (Accessed 18 June 2014) Skriletz R (2013) How to make IT a business enabler [Available online at] http://www.b-eye-network.com/view/16788 (Accessed 18 June 2014) Moore J (2011) Make It part of your Business Strategy [Available online at ] http://www.cnbc.com/id/44818677 (Accessed 18 June 2014) Riley J, (2012) What is strategy [Available online at] http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/what_is_strategy.htm (Accessed 18 June 2014)

Celebrity Endorsement in India Essay

In India, celebrities are idolized as Gods and marketers have been trying their best to tap on this emotional connect of the people with the celebrities. Today, most of the popular brands are being endorsed by a famous personality either from entertainment industry or sports arena. Strategic brand positioning and effective communication are the keys to success in today’s market where many brands compete in the same category for the market share. Companies are employing their maximum might to promote their brands and occupy a long lasting image in the minds of the consumers. In India, television is the most popular and effective means of the mass communication. There are over three million television commercials being aired every year. However, 80 percent of them are forgotten by the people in a day or two. So, it is imperative for the marketers to ensure that their ad campaign stands out amongst the crowd (Suhalka, n.d.). Since advertising is a highly critical tool for luring customers to make purchases, Indian firms are investing millions of rupees on celebrity advertising (Khatri, 2006). Celebrity endorsements are also an easy option for Indian marketers because of the disparities of the Indian consumer base in terms of religion, ethinicity, value system and most importantly economic variations. Therefore, advertisers in India emphasis a lot on brand recall and customer persuasion for differentiating their ad campaigns from those of the counterparts. It is here that celebrity endorsement provides a tremendous boost (Surana, 2008). For instance, one of the strongest celebrity endorser is cricketer Sachin Tendulkar who is a youth icon and endorses many successful brands like, Pepsi, Boost, Aviva Life Insurance, TVS, Britannia Biscuits, Visa, Airtel etc. Like, Shahrukh Khan, Amitabh Bac hchan, Kareena Kapoor also have many brands in their kitties. Indians love their celebrities and blindly follow their suit. This has proved to be a boon for the marketers and celebrity endorsement is just getting better by the day. It has now become an indispensible part of the marketing communication strategy. It is a win ?win situation for both the celebrities and the brands. However, the consumers are ones who are least benefitted as they end up paying more for the products and services. References: †¢ Khatri, P., 2006. Celebrity Endorsement: A Strategic Promotion Perspective. Indian Media Studies Journal, 1(1).Pp. 25-37 †¢ Suhalka,G.n.d. Celebrity Endorsers and Endorsements in India- The Rise and the Impact [pdf] Available at: http://www.ndtvmi.com/b4/dopesheets/garima.pdf [Accessed 18 February 2012] †¢ Surana,R., 2008. The Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement in India [pdf] Available at: http://edissertations.nottingham.ac.uk/2069/1/08MAlixrs13.pdf [Accessed 18 February 2012] Commentary | Theses | Dissertations | Journals & Articles | Proposals & Synopsis | Essays | Promotional Writing | Press Release Copyright  © 2005 – 2012 Project Guru India. All rights reserved. www.ProjectGuru.in